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In French, the subjunctive is mainly used to express uncertain, doubtful, desired, imaginary, emotional and therefore subjective actions.
More specifically, the subjunctive is employed with verbs which express:
A wish, desire or order
vouloir, vouloir bien, tenir à ce que, souhaiter, désirer, prier, consentir à ce que, ordonner, demander, commander, exiger, proposer.
J’exige que tu me dises la vérité.
Je tiens à ce qu’ il vienne.
A sentiment or appreciation
aimer, préférer, regretter, être heureux, être content, être ravi, être satisfait, être indigné, être mécontent, être furieux, être fâché, être en colère, être navré, avoir honte, s’indigner, reprocher, s’étonner, être étonné, être surpris, se plaindre, se moquer.
Elle préfère que nous ne parlions pas de ses problèmes.
Le patient se plaint que ce docteur ne l’ait pas bien soigné.
Doubt or uncertainty
douter, il est douteux, ne pas être sûr , ne pas être certain …
je doute qu’il veuille faire ce travail.
Certain verbs such as penser and croire which express certainty, take the indicative. When these verbs are used in a negative way or in a question, they lose their certainty and one should use the subjunctive. These verbes include:
affirmer, annoncer, déclarer, dire, espérer, nier, se souvenir, trouver, voir, penser, croire, être sur, être certain.
Regret
être désolé, regretter, déplorer
J’accepte qu’il sorte avec ses amis.
Le patron déplore que ses ouvriers aient voté la grève.
Permission, prohibition
permettre, accepter, empêcher, s’opposer à ce que, défendre, interdire, refuser.
J’ accepte qu’il sorte avec ses amis.
Expectation
attendre, s’attendre à ce que
J’attends que tu me répondes.
Concern, fear
avoir peur, craindre, redouter, s’inquiéter, appréhender.
J’ai peur qu’il ait oublié notre rendez-vous.
Necessity
avoir besoin, il faut, il est essentiel, il est nécessaire, il est obligatoire, il est indispensable.
Il faut qu’il dise la vérité.
There are different subjunctive tenses, such as the present and the past, however there is no subjunctive future so to express the future , it will be essential to conjugate the verb from the first part of the sentence at the future.
Ex: Demain, il faudra que je me lève tôt.
Don’t forget that the subjunctive is only used if the subject of the verb of the subordinate clause is different from that of the main clause. If the two verbs have the same subject, the second verb must be in the infinitive.
Je souhaite qu’il vienne (2 sujets différents)
Je souhaite venir (sujet unique).
Learning the subjunctive requires regular practice to master its different rules of use because they are numerous and often confusing for learners who do not always have an equivalent in their native language.
Although learning the subjunctive may seem complex, it is an essential element in achieving good mastery of the language, and is essential for passing the DELF exams from level B1.
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